Metal
finishing is the process of changing the surface of a metal object to
improve its appearance along with durability. Widely implemented for
treating the exterior of a metal product by applying a thin
complementary layer to its surface, metal finishing process generates
waste in the form of liquid. Wastewater from metal finishing
industries comprises high concentrations of contaminants, which are
hazardous to the environment and pose potential health risks to the
public. For the removal of heavy metals, oils, and suspended solids,
wastewater treatment with the help of ultrafiltration turns out to be
quite useful.
Conventional
filtration techniques depend on depth or screen filters to remove oil
and dirt from a process solution. But, the most significant
disadvantage of these methods is that the filter media clogs quickly,
and their efficiency gets degraded over time. However, membrane
filtration utilizes thin film membranes and the sheer force of
cross-flow to achieve a more consistent process rate and a higher
quality filtrate rate. Ultrafiltration is one class of membrane
filtration that makes use of membranes with pore diameters ranging
from 0.01 to 0.1 micron. The ultrafiltration process works by
producing two separate streams, namely concentrates and permeates
that help in efficient separation of heavy metals, oils, and
suspended solids.
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